Kitchen faucet does not fully rotate

Questions covered in this video:

1. Why doesn't my kitchen faucet rotate fully?
2. How can I fix a kitchen faucet that doesn't rotate 180 degrees?
3. What is the device under the sink that controls the faucet's rotation?
4. What tools do I need to adjust the faucet's rotation?
5. How do I loosen the screws to adjust the faucet's rotation?
6. How do I ensure the faucet rotates to the desired angle?
7. How do I lock the rotation angle in place after adjustment?
8. Are all kitchen faucets adjustable in the same way?